Allozyme analyses
The results of our allozyme analyses closely mirrored those obtained for
the SNPs dataset, both in terms of primary genetic lineages and
identifying pure versus admixed populations. A series of PCoA analyses
of the allozyme data (Fig. 4) displayed a near-identical association
between individuals as depicted for the SNPs (Fig. 2), and together
supported the presence of the same seven primary groupings, namely KN,
pure KE, KEm (close to pure KE but slightly displaced
towards KS), KSxKE, pure KS, KWm, and pure KW. The
same assignment of sites into primary groupings is shown in an unrooted
NJ tree (Fig. 5). These findings are further validated by the fixed
difference and observed heterozygosity counts for each grouping (Table
3), which show the same patterns of diagnosability and comparative
levels of heterozygosity as found for the SNPs. Together our two nuclear
datasets fully support the presence of four primary taxa in the western
carp gudgeon, namely KN, KE+ (KE+KEm), KS, and KW+
(KW+KWm), all readily diagnosable by numerous SNP and
allozyme loci (Table 4).