Figure D1: Results of Bayesian mixed model displaying A) differences in average trait value for generalists, snail-eaters, and scale-eaters, b) average trait value and standard deviations for each population, and c) the estimated standard deviation due to the random effect of population on each of the traits. In panel A, v iolin plots display the posterior draws from a Bayesian mixed effects model with the 18 craniofacial trait values as the response variable, pupfish group and species designations as fixed effects and population ID as a random effect. Black points and lines represent the median and 95% HDI for each species. For panel B, points, represent mean value for each population while the colored lines show the 95% confidence interval around these estimates. For panel C, points show the average standard deviation estimate for each trait while the black lines show the 95% confidence intervals around these estimates.