Study Characteristics
A total of 6904 articles were retrieved through an electronic search. After qualifying screening, 27 community-based studies were ultimately included in this meta-analysis, including 17 countries and 118,619,426 participants (Figure 1). The detailed characteristics of included studies are provided in Table 1. Among these 27 studies, 24 (88.8%) were cross-sectional studies and 3 (11.2%) were cohort or prospective studies. The sample size of these studies range from 315 to 29,700,000. The geographical locations of the included studies are shown in Figure 2A, the studies were from 22-24Africa (n = 3),25-32Asia (n = 8), 33-39European (n = 7), 40-43North America (n = 4), and44-48Oceania (n = 5) regions, respectively. An Australian-based study reported the lowest prevalence of infertility (3.55%), and the highest prevalence of infertility (39.68%) was observed in Palau (Figure 2B).