Fig. 1 Soil fungal community dilution curves and community variation characteristics

Phylogenetic and compositional variability

We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the top 100 species with regard to relative abundance at the species level (Fig. 2a). According to the results, the fungal community phylogeny was highly aggregated between the nonrhizosphere and rhizosphere soils of A. spinulosa . The rhizosphere soil of A. spinulosa was concentrated in Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Rozellomycota fungi, and the nonrhizosphere soil was concentrated in Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota fungi.

LEfSe multilevel species difference discrimination analysis (Fig. 2b) revealed that the species that differed between the rhizosphere soil community groups of A. spinulosa were mainly at the genus level, including Cutaneotrichosporon , Chaetopsina ,Dendrosporium , Tubulicium , Shiraia ,Perenniporia , Simplicillium and Capitofimbria ,Tubulicium , Shiraia , Perenniporia ,Simplicillium , and Capitofimbria , with the abundance of species observed in the Cutaneotrichosporon group. This was the primary reason for the variation in soil fungi between A. spinulosa roots. The main groups of nonrhizospherically differentiated species were the Sordariomycetes group at the phylum level, Chaetothyriales and Trechisporales groups at the order level, and the Herpotrichiellaceae group at the family level.

Note: R indicates A. spinulosa rhizosphere soil fungi; NO indicates A. spinulosanonrhizosphere soil fungi. (a) Phylogenetic evolutionary tree of soil fungi based on the species level; (b) LEfSe multilevel species difference discrimination analysis of the soil fungal communities.