Lavandula stoechas
Table 4 provides an overview of the MIC and MBC values for the ethyl acetate extract of Lavandula stoechas . Overall, the extract exhibited significant inhibitory effects on obligate anaerobic bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 0.04 mg / ml (P. gingivalis ) to 1.25 mg / ml (F. nucleatum ). Similarly, it displayed strong inhibitory effects on facultative anaerobic oral bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 0.15 mg / ml (S. oralis , S. mutans ) to 1.25 mg / ml (S. sobrinus ). The extract did not demonstrate antibacterial effects against E. coli and antifungal effects against C. albicans , except for the effects of DMSO.
While most oral bacteria showed at least a low bactericidal effect, with MBC values ranging from 0.15 mg / ml (P. gingivalis ) to 2.50 mg / ml (F. nucleatum ), a measurable MBC for S. mutans andS. sobrinus was not observed. S. aureus was inhibited by the extract, and 99.9% of the bacteria were killed at a concentration of 1.25 mg / ml.
According to Figure 1, the ethyl acetate extract of L. stoechasexhibited significant inhibition of biofilm formation, even at concentrations as low as 0.04 mg / ml. The lowest tested concentration of 0.02 mg / ml can still be categorized as having a moderate inhibitory effect (C2) on biofilm formation.