High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis
For the creation of fingerprint profiles of the diverse extracts, an instrumental setup of Camag HPTLC was employed. Solutions of the extracts were prepared by dissolving 10 mg of each extract in 1 ml of ethyl acetate. To apply plant extract samples onto TLC plates measuring 20 × 10 cm (silica gel 60, F254, Merck), the Automatic TLC Sampler (ATS4, CAMAG) was utilized. This process was controlled through the VisionCats 2.3 software platform (Camag), following standardized configurations: 6 tracks featuring 8 mm bands, an 8 mm distance from the lower edge, 20 mm from both the left and right edges, and a 10.4 mm spacing between distinct tracks. Each sample was applied with an 8 μl volume. The ensuing plate development was conducted in an automatic development chamber (ADC2), adhering to established norms: a 20-minute chamber saturation period using filter paper, followed by 10 minutes of plate conditioning at 33% relative humidity (using MgCl2), and concluding with a 5-minute plate drying phase. Toluene/ethyl acetate/formic acid (80:20:2; v/v/v) were chosen as the mobile phases. Imaging at both 254 nm and 366 nm was captured using a Visualizer 2 Documentation System (CAMAG, Muttenz, Switzerland).