Rosmarinus officinalis
The ethyl acetate extract of R. officinalis exhibited significant
antibacterial effects against both oral facultative and obligate
anaerobic bacteria, as shown in Table 9. The mean minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) values for facultative anaerobic bacteria ranged
from 0.02 mg / ml (S. mutans ) to 0.60 mg / ml (E.
faecalis ), while for obligate anaerobes, the MIC values ranged from
0.01 mg / ml (P. micra ) to 0.15 mg / ml (F. nucleatum ).
The extract also effectively reduced the growth of S. aureus ,
with MIC/MBC values of 0.30 mg / ml. However, it did not show any
negative impact on E. coli and C. albicans . Notably, the
minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for oral bacteria ranged
from 0.02 mg / m (P. micra ) to 1.25 mg / ml (E. faecalis ).
In the biofilm plate assay conducted with the tested strain of S.
mutans (Figure 2), it was observed that the production of biofilm was
suppressed at an extract concentration of 0.30 mg / ml. A concentration
of 0.08 mg / ml was sufficient for moderate biofilm production, while
concentrations of 0.04 mg / ml and lower fell into category C3,
indicating no detectable effect on biofilm formation.