Follow-up study cohort
By May 2020, the mean follow-up (FU) time was 55 months (1-132) in the VRT group, 25 months in the RH group (8-64) and 49 months in the (chemo)radiotherapy group (1-134). During FU, five patients (6.7%) developed recurrent disease at a median time of 12 months after diagnosis (range 3-24 months) and died following palliative chemotherapy with a median survival time of 17 months (range 13-32 months). All were diagnosed with tumor stage IIB or higher and were treated with chemoradiotherapy.