Author, Year PEDroa (if applicable) LOEb
Country
Study Design
Sample Size by Injury Etiology
Gender
Gender
Mean Age (yr)
Males (n)
Females (n)
Malandraki et al. 2016 Level 4
USA
Pre-Post
Stroke=6 TBId=2 Other=2
8
2
64.6
Seedat & Penn 2016 Level 2
South Africa
PCTe
Stroke=32 TBIc=14
23
23
N/Sf
Terre & Mearin 2015 PEDroa=7, Level 1b
Spain
RCTg
Stroke=14 TBId=6
12
8
CGh: 51 IGi: 46
Terre & Mearin 2012 PEDroa=5, Level 2
Spain
RCTg Crossover
Stroke=45 TBId=27
50
2
CGh: 51 IGi: 43
Seidl et al. 2007 Level 4
Germany
Pre-Post
Stroke=8 TBId=2
6
4
39.7
Clave et al. 2006 Level 4
Spain
Post-Test
Stroke=24 TBI=22 Other=46
62
38
CGh: 40.31 IGi: 41.92
Martens et al. 1990 Level 2
Canada
PCTe
Stroke=11 TBId + ABIc = 7 Other=13
17
14
CGh: 46.1 IGi: 49.3
Ko et al. 2016 Level 2
South Korea
PCTe
Stroke=16 TBId=2
12
6
CGh: 60 IGi: 72
Toyama et al. 2014 Level 2
Japan
PCTe
Stroke=22 ABIc=4
22
4
CGh: 57.2 IGi: 63.6
Calabro et al. 2016 Level 5 Italy Case Report TBId=1 1 0 34
Levitan & Henderson 2015 Level 4
USA
Post-Test (Conference Abstract)
Mod-Sev ABIc=38
N/Se
N/Se
N/Se
Steele et al. 2013 Level 4
Canada
Pre-Post
TBId=6
n=4
n=2
42.3
Yuen & Hartwick 1992 Level 5
USA
Case Report
TBId=1
n=1
n=0
53
Cassel 2016 Level 2
USA
RCTg (Conference Abstract)
Stroke + TBId =30
N/Sf
N/Sf
Range: 65-90
Beom et al. 2015 PEDroa=8, Level 1b
South Korea
RCTg
Stroke + TBId + ABIc =132
n=77
n=55
CGh: 64.4 IGi: 59.8
Nam et al. 2013 PEDroa=5, Level 2
South Korea
RCTg
Stroke, TBId =50
n=26
n=23
CGh: 62.3 IGi: 60.9
Kojima et al. 2002 Level 4
Japan
Post-Test11
ABI=12 Other=65
n=47
n=17
66.4
Note: aPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); bLevel of evidence (LOE); cAcquired brain injury (ABI); dTraumatic brain injury (TBI); eProspective Controlled Trial (PCT); fNot specified (N/S); gRandomized controlled trial; hControl group (CG); iIntervention group (IG); jAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); kMultiple sclerosis (MS). Note: aPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); bLevel of evidence (LOE); cAcquired brain injury (ABI); dTraumatic brain injury (TBI); eProspective Controlled Trial (PCT); fNot specified (N/S); gRandomized controlled trial; hControl group (CG); iIntervention group (IG); jAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); kMultiple sclerosis (MS). Note: aPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); bLevel of evidence (LOE); cAcquired brain injury (ABI); dTraumatic brain injury (TBI); eProspective Controlled Trial (PCT); fNot specified (N/S); gRandomized controlled trial; hControl group (CG); iIntervention group (IG); jAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); kMultiple sclerosis (MS). Note: aPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); bLevel of evidence (LOE); cAcquired brain injury (ABI); dTraumatic brain injury (TBI); eProspective Controlled Trial (PCT); fNot specified (N/S); gRandomized controlled trial; hControl group (CG); iIntervention group (IG); jAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); kMultiple sclerosis (MS). Note: aPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); bLevel of evidence (LOE); cAcquired brain injury (ABI); dTraumatic brain injury (TBI); eProspective Controlled Trial (PCT); fNot specified (N/S); gRandomized controlled trial; hControl group (CG); iIntervention group (IG); jAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); kMultiple sclerosis (MS). Note: aPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); bLevel of evidence (LOE); cAcquired brain injury (ABI); dTraumatic brain injury (TBI); eProspective Controlled Trial (PCT); fNot specified (N/S); gRandomized controlled trial; hControl group (CG); iIntervention group (IG); jAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); kMultiple sclerosis (MS). Note: aPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); bLevel of evidence (LOE); cAcquired brain injury (ABI); dTraumatic brain injury (TBI); eProspective Controlled Trial (PCT); fNot specified (N/S); gRandomized controlled trial; hControl group (CG); iIntervention group (IG); jAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); kMultiple sclerosis (MS).