Study Intervention (I) and Comparator (C) Protocol Outcomes
<50% ABIa in study population (9 studies) <50% ABIa in study population (9 studies) <50% ABIa in study population (9 studies)
Malandraki et al. 2016
I: Dysphagia Rehabilitation protocol (2 oropharyngeal exercise regimens, a targeted swallowing routine, and caregiver participation).
PAS11b IOPIc EAT-10d ASHA NOMSe
Seedat & Penn 2016
I: Scheduled oral care along with free water provisions. C: Inconsistent oral care and liquid restrictive diet. Presence of aspiration pneumonia Water consumption
Terre & Mearin 2015
I: NMESf over the mylohyoid muscle plus conventional swallowing therapy. C: Sham ESTh and conventional swallowing therapy. FOISg
Terre & Mearin 2012
I: Chin-down posture swallowing boluses of 3,5,10,15mL of pudding, nectar and liquid viscosities. C: Anatomical position swallowing boluses of 3,5,10,15mL of pudding, nectar and liquid viscosities were used. Aspiration
Seidl et al. 2007
I: Facio-oral tract therapy.
Swallowing rate Alertness
Clave et al. 2006
I: Swallowing different bolus viscosities (liquid, nectar, pudding) at different velocities (3-20mL).
Oropharyngeal Swallow Response Nutritional Status
Martens et al. 1990
I: Dysphagia management program aimed at improving caloric intake and body weight. C: Routine care. Caloric intake Body weight
Ko et el. 2016
I: Laryngopharyngeal NMESf plus CSTi. C: CSTi. PASb FDSo ASHA NOMSe
Toyama et al. 2014
I: NMESf targeting geniohyoid, mylohyoid, thyrohyoid muscles, plus conventional treatment (tongue exercises, thermal-tactile stimulation with intensive repetition of dry-swallow task). C: Conventional treatment. VDSq Anterior/superior displacement of hyoid bone and larynx FOISg
>50% ABIa in study population (4 studies) >50% ABIa in study population (4 studies) >50% ABIa in study population (4 studies)
Calabro et al. 2016
I: CSTi alone (swallowing exercises, shaker exercise, hyoid lift and Mendelssohn maneuver, compensation postures, dietary changes), as well as coupled to a neuromuscular VsTm.
BSAj DOSSk FFEESl
Levitan & Henderson 2015
I: Comprehensive Dysphagia Protocol (developing a highly individualized plan, implementing plan, modifying plan).
Reports of swallowing incident (choking, aspiration, excessive coughing, swallowing difficulty)
Steele et al. 2013
I: TPSATn.
PASb Vallecular residue score Pyriform sinus residue score
Yuen & Hartwick 1992
I: 6-day diet manipulation consisting of gradual introduction of diets of different textures (pureed and ground foods, soft foods and regular diets).
Success of diet consumption Weight gain
Unknown % ABIa in study population (4 studies) Unknown % ABIa in study population (4 studies) Unknown % ABIa in study population (4 studies)
Cassel 2016
I: Remote online tele-dysphagia swallowing intervention. C: Traditional face-to-face swallowing intervention. Correct/Incorrect responses to visual/auditory swallowing safety cues
Beom et al. 2015
I: NMESf to the suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles. C: ESTh to the suprahyoid alone. FDSo SFSp Supraglottic penetration Subglottic aspiration
Nam et al. 2013
I: NMESf to the suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles. C: ESTh to the suprahyoid alone. Hyoid excursion Laryngeal elevation
Kojima et al. 2002
I: Bilateral K-point (mucosa lateral to the palatoglossal arch and medial to pterygomandibular fold at height of postretromolar pad) stimulation.
Swallowing reflex