Adverse pregnancy outcomes according to OGTT pattern classified by number of abnormal values and AUC
Further categorization of the GDM patients into three groups (Fig. 2 and Appendix 3 ) the number of abnormal glucose values meeting the 100-g OGTT criteria revealed adverse outcomes in 29 out of 138 patients (21.0%) with abnormal values at two time points, 31 out of 97 (32.0%) with abnormal values at three time points, and 13 out of 22 (59.1%) with abnormal values at four time points (Table 3 ). As a reference to subjects with normal OGTT results, the ORs for adverse pregnancy outcomes were 1.45 (95% CI, 0.92–2.28) for those with two abnormal results, 2.56 (95% CI, 1.61–4.09) for those with three abnormal results, and 7.89 (95% CI, 3.30–18.85) for those with four abnormal results. After full adjustment for confounding factors, the ORs were 1.27 (95% CI, 0.72–2.23), 2.16 (95% CI, 1.21–3.85), and 2.32 (95% CI, 0.66–8.15), respectively.
We also calculated the AUC for the OGTT and analyzed the association between the AUC and adverse outcomes using a multivariate regression model with RCS (Fig. 3 ). RCS analysis demonstrated a nearly linear association between the AUC and the risk of adverse outcomes. The log unadjusted OR continuously increased as AUC increased. After adjusting for confounders (model A and model B), linear associations between AUC and log OR still existed, albeit with a wider CI.Table 4 shows that the highest quartile group had a significantly higher OR (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.09–4.91) in the full adjustment model for adverse outcomes than the normal group did..