*Corresponding author:
Pei-Chun Chen
Department of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1,
Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406, Taiwan
Phone: 886-4-22053366 ext. 6102
Fax: 886-4-2201-9901
E-mail:peichun@mail.cmu.edu.tw
ORCID: 0000-0002-8713-8816
Data availability: The data underlying this study are the
claims data of National Health Insurance program, which now are managed
by the Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Department of Statistics,
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. The data are not publicly
available due to restrictions imposed by Taiwan’s government. Interested
researchers can obtain the data through application at Health and
Welfare Data Science Center
(https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dos/np-2497-113.html).
Funding sources: This study was supported by grants from the
China Medical University, Taiwan (grants CMU108-MF-43 and CMU108-S-06),
Ministry of Health and Welfare (grant MOHW108-TDU-B-212-133004), and
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (grant MOST
109-2629-B-039-001-).
Conflict of interests: The authors have no conflicts of
interest to declare.
Author contributions: YSL, LWH and PCC contributed to the
conception and design of the work. PCC contributed to acquisition of
data. YSL, CHM and PCC made substantial contributions to the data
analysis. All authors participated in interpretation of data, and
drafting and revising of the content of the manuscript. All authors
provided final approval of the version to be submitted.
Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Institutional
Review Board at the China Medical University Hospital.