Fig. 1. Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on biomass
resistance (B rst), biomass recovery (B rc), structural
resistance (S rst) and structural recovery (S rc) of
grassland communities experiencing drought in three consecutive growing
seasons. Bars indicate means ± SE. Different letters above or below the
bars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) among
treatments. C: control; N: nitrogen addition; M: mowing; NM: nitrogen
addition plus mowing.
Fig. 2. Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on biomass
resistance (B rst) and recovery (B rc) of L.
chinensis , and structural resistance (S rst) and structural
recovery (S rc) of dominant species assemblages experiencing
drought in three consecutive growing seasons. Bars indicate means ± SE.
Different letters above or below the bars indicate significant
differences (P < 0.05) among treatments. C: control; N:
nitrogen addition; M: mowing; NM: nitrogen addition plus mowing.
Fig. 3. The final structural equation model relating nitrogen
deposition and mowing to a ) biomass resistance (B rst)
and structural resistance (S st), b ) biomass recovery
(B rc) and structural recovery (S rc) of our study
grassland. L .C .: L. chinensis . The final models
adequately fitted the data (a : χ2 = 16.65,P = 0.082, df = 10, AIC = 66.65; b : χ2= 20.78, P = 0.054, df = 12, AIC = 66.78). Solid and dashed
arrows indicate positive and negative pathways, respectively (nsP > 0.10, ^P < 0.10, *P< 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P <
0.001). Arrow width is proportional to the strength of the relationship.
Numbers along the arrows are standardized path coefficients indicating
the effect size of the relationship. The proportion of variance
explained (R 2) appears alongside the response
variables in the models.