Statistical analysis
Demographic characteristics between groups were assessed using a
two-sided Fisher exact test or ANOVA for categorical and continuous
variables, respectively. The primary outcome for this report was the
presence of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 symptoms in each treatment
group, with the secondary outcome being the incidence of any symptoms.
Because of the potential for multiple confounders, we associated the
presence of COVID-19-related symptoms with dupilumab treatment compared
to other systemic treatments and with dupilumab treatment compared to
limited/no treatments using multivariate logistic regression models. We
adjusted for known or suspected COVID-19-related comorbidities (age,
gender, race, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index [BMI], asthma,
ACE-inhibitor usage). Using a similar approach, we also associated the
presence of COVID-19-related symptoms with AD treatments by stratifying
our cohort into a set of higher COVID-19-related risk patients with
confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or
COVID-19 serological tests, exposure to COVID-19-positive patients
(diagnosed via PCR or serology) or to a person with COVID-19-related
symptoms.