Imaging Findings
Sinus opacification was apparent on preoperative CT in 25 patients
(74%), with the maxillary (65%) and ethmoid sinuses (53%) primarily
involved. Eight patients (24%) had radiological signs of extrasinus
involvement. These included bony erosion of the maxillary sinus walls,
hard palate, and orbital walls in five patients (15%), and involvement
of the infratemporal fossa and medial pterygoid muscle in two cases
(6%). Periorbital or orbital involvement was apparent on CT in 5
patients (15%). Nine children (26%) also underwent MRI to assess for
neural invasion or infratemporal or intracranial extension. In two of
these cases MRI revealed skull base involvement with dural enhancement,
and in one case an extension to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal
fossa with thickening and enhancement of the maxillary nerve.