Ecosystem function: standing biomass
We used standing fish biomass, which is a commonly used aquatic ecosystem function metric (Benkwitt et al., 2020). Fish biomass is also directly related to important ecosystem services, such as fish production and food security (Benkwitt et al., 2020). To estimate standing fish biomass, most fish individuals were weighed on a microbalance (0.01 g precision). For species not weighed on microbalance, we calculated the biomass by using published species-specific length–weight relationships (e.g., Froese & Pauly, 2018). The standing biomass of the entire fish assemblage (g m-²) was then quantified by summing the weight of all individuals at each site and dividing by the site area.