Study Location
In this review we found 29 (43.9 %) of the 66 studies were conducted exclusively in Jakarta. Similarly, 47 (71.2%) studies were performed on Java Island (West, Central and East) and 12 (18.2 %) studies were conducted in Bali. Yogyakarta was included in 14 (21.2 %) of the 66 studies and 9 (13.6 %) other studies were performed on West Nusa Tenggara. East Nusa Tenggara Timor was represented in 1 (1.5 %) of 66 studies, while only 3 (4.5 %) studies were conducted on the Island of Papua. In addition, 7 (10.6 %) of the 66 studies were part of larger global, regional or multinational studies and 17 (25.8 %) studies were conducted at multiple locations across Indonesia. An additional 5 (7.6%) studies were performed using secondary data from Indonesian-wide databases which included the Ministry of Health Avian Influenza H5N1 case database and archival samples from the National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) (Figure 3).