- The distribution of rowan trees in subalpine spruce forest is clumped because rowan trees are light- demanding, growing mostly in tree stand gaps or in the young spruce stands where they had not yet been eliminated by spruce or above forest limit (Holeksa and Żywiec 2005) \cite{_ywiec_2012b}.
- When suppressed in the forest understory it grows slowly, whilst in a gap the growth increment increases several times \cite{m2008}.