- There is decline in reproductive investment just before death \cite{Pesendorfer_2019}.
- young rowans are sensitive to snow loads \cite{Kune__2014} and wind exposure, similarly altering growth (mainly height reduction) in different genotypes \cite{S_b__2000}.
- Rowan is masting species what means that fruiting is intermittent and highly synchronized among individuals, even at the scale of tens of kilometres \cite{Kobro_2003,_ywiec_2012c} \cite{Bogdziewicz_2024}. Masting in rowan helps to reduce severe seed predation and increases dispersal rates by frugivores \cite{Satake_2004} \cite{_ywiec_2012} \cite{Seget_2021,Seget_2022}. In high fruit crop years, individual reproductive success decreases with increasing density of conspecifics \cite{_ywiec_2017}.
- tree economics: reproductive architecture vs. leaf, wood and stem \cite{Zhang_2023}
\section{Supplementary Material} \beginsupplement