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\begin{document}

\title{SPERM MORPHOLOGY OF TINGIDAE Laporte, 1833 (MIROIDEA: CIMICOMORPHA)}



\author[1]{Paulo Henrique Rezende}%
\author[1]{Dayvson Ayala Costa}%
\author[2]{Mauricio da Silva Paulo}%
\author[2]{Glenda Dias}%
\author[3]{Pietro Lupetti}%
\author[2]{José Lino-Neto}%
\author[3]{Romano Dallai}%
\affil[1]{Universidade Federal de Vicosa Departamento de Entomologia}%
\affil[2]{Universidade Federal de Vicosa}%
\affil[3]{Universita degli Studi di Siena Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita}%


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  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Here, we describe for the first time the sperm morphology of Tingidae
(Heteroptera). They are small insects presenting lacy patterns on their
pronotum and hemielytra and are exclusively phytophagous, with many
economically important species. We studied five species of the tribe
Tingini (Tinginae): \emph{Teleonemia scrupulosa}, \emph{Vatiga
illudens}, \emph{Gargaphia} \emph{lunulata}, \emph{Leptopharsa} sp., and
\emph{Corythucha arcuata}. Their spermiogenesis process is similar to
other Heteroptera, with some differences in the formation of the
centriole adjunct. This structure extends in the anteroposterior
spermatid axis, flanking the nucleus, possibly contributing to nucleus
remodelling and sperm elongation. The mature sperm of Tingidae is also
similar to that of other Heteroptera, with features that corroborate the
group's monophyly. Our data support previous results for their sister
family, Miridae, which exhibits some characteristics exclusive to this
taxon, not present in Tingidae or other Heteroptera. They also support
the sister relationship of the genera \emph{Gargaphia} and
\emph{Leptopharsa} and suggest closer relationship between \emph{Vatiga}
and \emph{Corythucha}. Overall, this study sheds light on the sperm
ultrastructure of Tingidae and provides information for understanding
the evolution and diversity of Heteroptera.%
\end{abstract}%



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