Certainty assessment Certainty assessment Certainty assessment Certainty assessment Certainty assessment Certainty assessment Certainty assessment № of patients № of patients Effect Certainty
№ of studies Study design Risk of bias Inconsistency Indirectness Imprecision Other considerations non-thermal Bipolar 95% CI
6 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 223 204 MD 0.6 higher (0.39 higher to 0.81 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
8 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 272 270 MD 0.51 higher (0.06 higher to 0.97 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
5 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 193 193 MD 0.56 higher (0.24 higher to 0.88 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
3 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 133 131 MD 0.86 higher (0.68 higher to 1.04 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
4 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 146 150 MD 27.04 higher (14.55 higher to 39.54 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
1 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 50 50 MD 4.07 higher (9.21 lower to 17.35 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
1 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 67 66 MD 0.1 lower (0.61 lower to 0.41 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
4 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 168 164 MD 1.13 higher (0.57 higher to 1.69 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
3 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 144 141 MD 1.31 higher (0.58 higher to 2.05 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate
3 randomised trials not serious not serious not serious not serious publication bias suspected 133 131 MD 1.65 higher (1.03 higher to 2.27 higher) ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate