№ of studies |
Study design |
Risk of bias |
Inconsistency |
Indirectness |
Imprecision |
Other considerations |
non-thermal |
Bipolar |
95% CI |
|
6 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
223 |
204 |
MD
0.6 higher
(0.39 higher to 0.81 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
8 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
272 |
270 |
MD
0.51 higher
(0.06 higher to 0.97 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
5 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
193 |
193 |
MD
0.56 higher
(0.24 higher to 0.88 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
3 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
133 |
131 |
MD
0.86 higher
(0.68 higher to 1.04 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
4 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
146 |
150 |
MD
27.04 higher
(14.55 higher to 39.54 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
1 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
50 |
50 |
MD
4.07 higher
(9.21 lower to 17.35 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
1 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
67 |
66 |
MD
0.1 lower
(0.61 lower to 0.41 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
4 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
168 |
164 |
MD
1.13 higher
(0.57 higher to 1.69 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
3 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
144 |
141 |
MD
1.31 higher
(0.58 higher to 2.05 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|
3 |
randomised trials |
not serious |
not serious |
not serious |
not
serious |
publication bias suspected |
133 |
131 |
MD
1.65 higher
(1.03 higher to 2.27 higher)
|
⨁⨁⨁◯
Moderate
|