Background and Purpose: Cholinergic neurotransmission is a key signal pathway in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and in several branches of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite the fact that it has been studied extensively for a long period of time, some aspects of its regulation still have not yet been established. One is relationship between nicotine-induced autoregulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release with changes in the concentration of presynaptic calcium levels. Experimental Approach: The mouse neuromuscular junction of m. Levator Auris Longus was chosen as the model of the cholinergic synapse. ACh release was assessed by electrophysiological methods. Changes in the calcium transients were recorded using a calcium-sensitive dye. Functional interaction between nicotinic ACh receptors and calcium channels was investigated pharmacologically using specific agonists and antagonists. Key Results: Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt (considered as a stable form for potential therapeutic delivery of nicotine) effects on the parameters of ACh release from the nerve ending were analyzed. Nicotine application (10 μM) decrease the amount of evoked ACh release, while calcium transient increase in the motor nerve terminal. Both of these effects of nicotine were abolished by the neuronal ACh receptor antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine and Cav1 blockers, verapamil and nitrendipine. Conclusion and Implications: Neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors activation decreases the number of ACh quanta released by boosting calcium influx through Cav1 channels. Understanding of mechanisms of autoregulation of ACh release is important for the searching new approaches treat diseases associated with cholinergic dysfunction.